BOOKKEEPING FOR E-COMMERCE BUSINESSES
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Bookkeeping is the recording of all financial transactions of a business. It is recommended that you keep a record of all expenses and revenues of your online business.
It is also recommended that you use accounting software, specifically one that tailors to e-commerce businesses. The best option will depend on your business and preferences; it will track sales, costs, and inventory. Xero and QuickBooks are popular accounting software.
Cash Flow
You should watch your cash flow, which is the money coming in and coming out of your business. Here is a basic example of a cash flow statement for an eCommerce business for the first quarter:
A cash flow statement is considered the most important document you can have as an eCommerce entrepreneur. When you know how much cash is flowing in and out of your online business, you can sustain a positive profit margin. On the other hand, if you experience a loss, your cash flow reflects where you need to budget or where you are overspending.
Balance Sheet
A balance sheet consists of assets and liabilities of the business. Both columns should be balanced. The purpose of a balance sheet is to measure the overall position of your business.
The balances must follow the accounting equation:
Assets = Liabilities + Owner’s Equity
(Owner’s equity is the money invested in the business by the owner.)
Income statement
The income statement includes all money brought in over a period. In the basic example above, this shows over a quarter. It shows operating and non-operating income, for example, your inventory sales, and equipment sales, therefore your primary income is your inventory sales.
VAT Threshold for E-commerce
The threshold for eCommerce businesses and selling from a physical store is the same. If you reach the turnover threshold of £85,000 per annum, you will need to register for VAT and charge tax on your goods sold to customers (20%). Therefore, you may need to increase your prices by 20% in order to maintain profit margins, but this may have the effect of customers being sensitive to the price change.
Potential E-commerce sales and delivery tax
The UK HM Treasury is considering applying a 2% sales tax for eCommerce businesses, as well as the 20% standard VAT rate. This is to level out the competition between high street businesses, who face higher operating costs, and online sales.
In addition to this, there could possibly be a delivery tax implemented in order to reduce pollution. This has the aim of influencing consumer behaviour and encouraging customers to environmentally friendly businesses.
Claimable expenses for E-commerce business
Allowable or claimable expenses are costs that are wholly and exclusively involved with the day to day running a business. This, therefore, excludes any costs incurred that are involved with your personal use. As an eCommerce business, you can take advantage of multiple tax deductions on multiple claimable expenses.
Claimable expenses for eCommerce businesses may include:
· Advertising and promotion - costs of promotion of your e-commerce business: Marketing (social media advertisements, sponsored advertisements, sponsored content fees by influencers, email marketing software) and Website related content (hosting, domain names, website subscriptions)
· Banks fees
· Cost of Goods Sold – the expense you pay as an online seller for manufacturing or selling a product: Materials, Labour (people involved in the production, not those hired for sales), Inventory (goods purchased for resale)
· Use of home office expenses – must not include personal use, therefore you must proportion your business use and personal use of your home.
Capital Expenses
A capital expense is usually a large cost incurred in order to purchase an asset that you are expecting to have long use of life and benefit your e-commerce business. In this case, your capital expenses would be computers purchased and the website, as most websites provide customers with a system where they can purchase goods or services and contact your business. These are functions and qualify for capital allowances, as they fall into the ‘plant and machinery’ category:
· Domain name
· Hardware relating to the website
· Operating software relating to the website
(You can also claim these as start-up costs for your e-commerce business)
This differs from a revenue expense as this is an amount that is expensed immediately and are used more in the day to day life of the business and is replaced more regularly, such as office stationery.
How to claim expenses for E-commerce businesses
If you are self-employed or a sole trader, employed or a partner at an e-commerce business, you can claim your allowable expenses through the HMRC Self-Assessment Tax Return. You can either file your tax return online or send a paper form, before the tax deadline.
You must have registered for the Self-Assessment Tax Return by the 5 October 2020, and pay the tax you owe by 31 January 2021
If you are filing your tax return online, you must send this by the 31 January 2021.
If you are filing a paper return, you must send this by 31 October 2020.
WE HOPE THIS ARTICLE HAS HELPED YOU UNDERSTAND WHAT BOOKKEEPING IS, HOW IT APPLIES TO E-COMMERCE BUSINESSES, WHEN AND WHAT ALLOWABLE EXPENSES YOU CAN CLAIM.
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